How High-Frequency Trading Makes the World a Better Place (part 1)

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A high-frequency trader gave me this book on high-frequency trading many months ago, and I promised I would review it. It has taken me a long time to get to this because reading the book was like chewing through cardboard.

Not So Fast is a line-by-line takedown of Michael Lewis’s Flash Boys, from the perspective of a high-frequency trader.

In summary:
The stock market isn’t rigged. Michael Lewis and Brad Katsuyama mistook the price impact of large orders for front-running. Thirty-eight miles of fiber-optic cable in a shoebox could have been implemented in a line of code. The End.

There’s a reason why Flash Boys resulted in a class-action lawsuit against exchanges and Not So Fast didn’t result in a class-action lawsuit against Michael Lewis. Lewis is a NY Times bestselling storyteller, and Kovac is a guy who writes software.

See Also:
How High-Frequency Trading Makes the World a Better Place (part 2)

When is My Colored Coin a Security?

by George Barclay

Buy PiggyCoins here

Elaine asks:
I want to raise a pig so I can have some bacon. Now, I can’t eat a WHOLE pig (well I probably can, but I shouldn’t) so I issued some PiggyCoins on Coinprism. Each PiggyCoin represents some part of the pig, and holders of my PiggyCoins get some bacon when the pig is fully ripened.

If these PiggyCoins can be transferred prior to slaughter for realized gains, does that mean my pig is a security? What if I’m not raising a pig, but just making some potato salad? Or selling hashing power on my mining rig?

Pork is a commodity, and commodities are not considered securities. There are three tests to determine when an investment contract is a security. They are:

  • Is it an investment of money?
  • Is it in a common enterprise?
  • Are its profits to come solely from the efforts of others?
  • Commodities do not satisfy the third point because you are delivering bacon, not money. Profits are realized by selling the bacon.

    Now, if I were to issue a PiggyCoin derivative, say a PiggyOptionCoin, then that would be a security. The performance of my OptionCoin is dependent on the activities of a third party. Someone else sells the bacon.

    As you pointed out earlier, you could offer, sell, settle the PiggyOptionCoin in bitcoin. According to the CFTC, bitcoin is a commodity. Therefore you would be delivering a commodity, not money.

    Update: But in the case of SEC v. Shavers and Bitcoin Savings and Trust, it was determined that bitcoin is a currency or form of money. I don’t know the answer to this one – only one way to find out!

    Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer, and you really shouldn’t trust the internet for legal advice.

    piggy
    Buy PiggyCoins here
    Link

    June StockTwits Meetup Hosted by ChangeTip

    June StockTwits Meetup hosted by ChangeTip!

    Wednesday, Jun 10, 2015, 6:30 PM

    ChangeTip
    270 Linden St San Francisco, CA

    26 Market Enthusiasts Went

    Come meet other traders and investors, have a beer, and talk about stocks, the market, strategies, or anything else.Our June meetup will be hosted by ChangeTip, a micropayments infrastructure for the internet.If you don’t know what ChangeTip is, leave your StockTwits handle in the comments section and we’ll send you a tip!

    Check out this Meetup →

    If you like stocks or change, come to the June StockTwits meetup at ChangeTip!

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    Laws and Shit

    by George Barclay

    Elaine is banned from public statement for a while, so I have been invited as a guest blogger.

    When did we decide that law equals morality?

    Where I come from, we have principles. The fundamental one being Don’t Screw the Customer. If you’re an early-stage company, the customer is all you’ve got.

    Older companies that are big and dominant and have cornered the market can afford to screw the customer. Not that they should, but some do.

    I don’t come from this second world, but I understand that laws were written with the expectation that some players can afford to screw the customer, and then they do.

    Certain activities often indicate an intent to screw the customer, therefore society writes rules to prevent these activities.

    When a rule is broken, it is difficult to determine the intention behind the activity. So we blanket-prosecute everyone who does that activity. Until there is a way to determine intention, this is how things must work.

    Unfortunately, laws sometimes begin to shape morals. Especially when disobeying authority is considered immoral. And we forget that society started with principles, that only later became contorted into law.

    Laws change. Morals don't.
    Laws change. Morals don’t.

    How Startup Growth Hacks Resulted in a Formal Investigation from the SEC

    Never speak to an officer from a three-letter agency without a lawyer. That was something I learned after taking a phone call with half the team that nailed Goldman Sachs.

    A month earlier, we were app developers with an idea. Everyone’s calling a tech bubble. Let’s make a game for crowdsourcing predictions on startups. We wanted a stock-market type of experience, where people could throw pocket change on valuation wagers.

    Facebook says, “Move Fast and Break Things.” Without any outside investment, we built Sand Hill Exchange. We moved fast. And boy, did we break things.

    We listed sixty pre-IPO companies and signed our friends up as beta testers. Early orders sat unmatched in the order book. Nobody wants to play in a market with zero users, we realized. So we gave participants the illusion of liquidity.

    We created bots to trade against incoming orders. They were like my friends. I even named them! My favorite was the “Jesse Livermore” bot. Opportunistic to a fault.

    The bots would run every day and place orders against each other so the market looked like it was exhibiting lots of price movement and volume. For added credibility, we randomly generated trading histories for each company going all the way back to last year. So we had historical price and volume in addition to streaming quotes for chart data.

    We pasted descriptive text cribbed from the websites of banks and registered exchanges to make our website look like a serious business. The Sand Hill Exchange Twitter account broadcasted information about market activity and stats. Our CEO relayed this to influential accounts, including a public discourse with Mark Cuban.

    Team members planted references to Sand Hill Exchange in the comments of high-profile blogs, and journalists took notice. The editor of FT Alphaville even wrote a post about us.

    25 days into our experiment, activity on the site was parabolic. Users were writing their own algorithmic traders. On most days, Sand Hill Exchange saw more trading volume than the New York Stock Exchange (circa 1840). Behind the scenes, we mapped out technology infrastructure to decentralize the exchange.

    That’s when we received an inquiry from the SEC. And then a subpoena demanding a court appearance and all our documents and communications since the beginning of last year.

    We had less than $10,000 in the bank. We had no legal counsel to speak of.

    We tried to convey how small we were. We’re just testing an app idea, we explained. Most of the users are our friends and coworkers, we said.

    Another thing I learned: If you’re gonna try to make yourself look like a legitimate financial institution, you’ll be prosecuted like a legitimate financial institution. And when that happens, you sure as shit better have the legal resources of a legitimate financial institution.

    The Commission accused us of acting as unregistered broker-dealers, selling security-based swaps, offering swaps on an unregistered securities exchange. Far too late, we realized we needed a lawyer.

    I wish I could say that we put up a scrappy fight, persevered, came out ahead. But team members left. Many of our mentors, friends, and associates also received government subpoenas. Their counsel advised them to halt all communication with us. We had never felt so alone. I spent most of the month in the bathroom crying. I wonder if Lloyd Blankfein had months like that.

    The power to investigate carries with it the power to defame and destroy. The Division of Enforcement offered to settle the case for a $20,000 fine. Without a corporate barrier to protect us, the penalty was personal. How high would the fine go if we did not settle?

    We handed over our wallets so that we could move on. I guess there’s now an SEC order barring me from breaking securities laws in the future. As if it had been perfectly legal to violate them beforehand.

    In Silicon Valley, we believe that any industry can be disrupted with a slick mobile app. We’re hackers, we pride ourselves in pushing the boundaries. We innovate to get around annoying rules that we think don’t make sense for our situation. Finance is a lot like that too, I’ve learned.

    It just isn’t like that for the steerage class.